“The Theme of Song of Solomon”
BIBLE READING:
Solomon
1-4
Solomon, who reigned over the
united kingdom 40 years (971–931 B.C.), appears 7 times by name in this book
(1:1, 5; 3:7, 9, 11; 8:11, 12). In view of his writing skills, musical
giftedness (1 Kin. 4:32), and the authorial, not dedicatory, sense of 1:1, this
piece of Scripture could have been penned at any time during Solomon’s reign.
Knowing that this portion of Scripture comprises one song by one author, it is
best taken as a unified piece of poetic, Wisdom literature rather than a series
of love poems without a common theme or author.
Two people dominate this
true-life, dramatic love song. Solomon, whose kingship is mentioned 5 times
(1:4, 12; 3:9, 11; 7:5), appears as “the beloved.” The Shulamite maiden (6:13)
remains obscure; most likely she was a resident of Shunem, 3 miles north of Jezreel
in lower Galilee. Some suggest she is Pharaoh’s daughter (1 Kin. 3:1), although
the Song provides no evidence for this conclusion. Others favor Abishag, the
Shunammite who cared for King David (1 Kin. 1:1–4, 15). An unknown maiden from
Shunem, whose family had possibly been employed by Solomon (8:11), seems most
reasonable. She would have been Solomon’s first wife (Eccl. 9:9), before he
sinned by adding 699 other wives and 300 concubines (1 Kin. 11:3).
In contrast to the two distorted
extremes of ascetic abstinence and lustful perversion outside of marriage,
Solomon’s ancient love song exalts the purity of marital affection and romance.
It parallels and enhances other portions of Scripture which portray God’s plan
for marriage, including the beauty and sanctity of sexual intimacy between
husband and wife. The Song rightfully stands alongside other classic Scripture
passages which expand on this theme (Gen. 2:24; Ps. 45; Prov. 5:15–23; 1 Cor.
7:1–5; 13:1–8; Eph. 5:18–33; Col. 3:18, 19; 1 Pet. 3:1–7). Hebrews 13:4
captures the heart of this song: “Marriage is honorable among all, and the bed
undefiled; but fornicators and adulterers God will judge.” - The MacArthur Daily Bible
Copyright © 2003
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